Record and trace exposure to other people that may have been sufficient to transmit the virus
Contact tracing for Vietnam
Contact tracing for Germany
Implementation
For implementation alternatives, see Contact tracing.
Limitations
A variety of limitations to technical approaches to contact tracing (e.g. via wireless networking) are known, including:
- Bluetooth distance measurements via RSSI are notoriously unreliable, particularly in urban environments with many materials (like steel) that dampen and reflect radio waves.
- The likelihood of transmission of the disease is not directly measured by distance and duration of exposure to an infected individual. For example, there are big differences whether the encounter is indoors, or outdoors in strong winds.
- It is often impossible to distinguish between close encounters in open space and those with a wall or floor between people: the distance may be the same, but wireless network cannot tell about the wall or floor.
Does it work?
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Quantifying SARS-CoV-2 transmission suggests epidemic control with digital contact tracing. Luca Ferretti et al. Science, 2020-03-31.
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Casey Newton on Twitter: “There’s been a lot of writing recently about the use of apps to help us track exposure to COVID-19. I talked to public health experts this week who explained why they’re unlikely to be effective”.
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Liza Lin and Chong Koh Ping, Wall Street Journal: Singapore Built a Coronavirus App, but It Hasn’t Worked So Far . April 22, 2020.
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Harper Reed: Digital Contact Tracing and Alerting vs Exposure Alerting
Privacy
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Evaluating COVID-19 contact tracing apps? Here are 8 privacy questions we think you should ask. Yves-Alexandre de Montjoye, Florimond Houssiau, Andrea Gadotti and Florent Guepin. Computational Privacy Group. 2020-04-02.
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Apps Gone Rogue: Maintaining Personal Privacy in an Epidemic. Ramesh Raskar et al. Arxiv.org. 2020-03-12.
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European Commission: Recommendation on apps for contact tracing
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Unified research on privacy-preserving contact tracing and exposure notification
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10 requirements for the evaluation of “Contact Tracing” apps Chaos Computer Club.
Acceptance
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UK Survey “User Acceptance of Mobile Contact Tracing App”: summary and full results
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Survey of acceptability of app-based contact tracing in the UK, US, France, Germany and Italy. OSF.
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Reuters: Bluetooth phone apps for tracking COVID-19 show modest early results. April 21, 2020.